Global finance blog - news, jokes, life…

+%3Cp%3E+This+holiday+season+is+your+last+chance+to+stop+by+the+bank+and+buy+a+paper+savings+bond%2C+either+for+yourself+or+your+loved+ones.+%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EStarting+Jan.+1%2C+you%27ll+no+longer+be+able+to+purchase+paper+savings+bonds+at+banks+or+other+financial+institutions.+Instead%2C+the+savings+bonds%2C+which+have+been+around+since+1935%2C+will+be+replaced+by+electronic+bonds+that+can+only+be+purchased+online.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3E%3Cp%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3E%3Cp%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EThe+Treasury+Department%27s+Bureau+of+Public+Debt+announced+the+%26quot%3Ball-electronic+initiative%26quot%3B+last+year%2C+and+the+agency+has+already+ended+the+sale+of+paper+bonds+through+traditional+payroll+plans.+%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EThe+department+estimated+that+the+digital+initiative%2C+which+eliminates+costs+associated+with+printing%2C+mailing%2C+storage+and+fees+paid+to+financial+institutions+for+processing+savings+bond+applications%2C+could+result+in+a+total+savings+of+%24120+million+over+the+next+five+years.+%3C%2Fp%3EDo+I+have+to+pay+taxes+on+savings+bond+interest%3F%3Cp%3EIf+you+want+to+buy+a+savings+bond+in+2012%2C+you%27ll+need+to+have+an+online+account+with+the+Treasury+Department.+To+give+a+bond+to+another+person%2C+they+will+also+need+an+account+so+you+can+transmit+the+bond+electronically+to+them.+And+if+you%27re+giving+a+bond+to+anyone+under+the+age+of+18%2C+a+parent+or+guardian+must+open+the+account.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EBut+until+Jan.+1%2C+you+still+have+the+chance+to+scoop+up+the+last+paper+savings+bonds+that+banks+have+–+potentially+even+turning+your+gift+of+a+once+common+slip+of+paper+into+a+collector%27s+item.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3E+%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3E%26quot%3BAbout+7+billion+paper+bonds+have+been+sold+and+circulated%2C+so+the+rarity+of+it+is+another+question%2C+but+certainly+some+people+might+look+at+it+as+collector%27s+item%2C%26quot%3B+said+Joyce+Harris%2C+a+spokeswoman+for+the+Treasury+Department%27s+Bureau+of+Public+Debt.+%26quot%3BIf+someone+looks+at+the+issue+date+100+years+from+today+they+may+say%2C+%27this+is+one+of+the+last+paper+bonds+ever+issued.%27%26quot%3B+%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EThere%27s+one+exception%2C+however%3A+you%27ll+still+be+able+to+use+your+tax+refund+to+buy+Series+I+paper+savings+bonds+come+2012.+But+Joyce+said+she+isn%27t+sure+how+long+that+option+will+be+offered.+%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3E%26quot%3BWe%27re+definitely+transitioning+to+electronic%2C%26quot%3B+she+said.+%26quot%3BIt%27s+still+a+good+investment+and+a+safe+investment+…+it%27s+just+that+we+have+decided+to+transition+into+a+different+form+and+really+focus+the+program+online+to+save+taxpayers+money.%26quot%3B+%3C%2Fp%3EWhat%27s+your+savings+bond+worth%3F%3Cp%3EIn+2012%2C+you+will+only+be+able+to+buy+electronic+savings+bonds+in+Series+EE+and+I+through+TreasuryDirect%2C+a+free+online+bond-buying+portal+that+has+been+available+since+2002.+%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EFor+current+paper+bond-holders%2C+you+can+still+redeem+them+at+financial+institutions.+Paper+bonds+that+have+yet+to+reach+their+maturity+date+and+have+been+lost%2C+stolen+or+destroyed%2C+may+also+be+converted+to+electronic+form.%26nbsp%3B+%3C%2Fp%3E++%3Cp%3E%3Ca+href%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2011%2F12%2F16%2Fpf%2Fpaper_savings_bonds%2Findex.htm%27+rel%3D%27nofollow%27%3ESource%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fp%3E+

New York City’s economy faces an “extreme downside risk” from Europe’s debt crisis because its banks hold over $1 trillion of assets in the city, where they are active lenders, according to a new report released on Thursday.

The city’s economy is intertwined with Europe’s because non-financial companies have significant ties to European companies while millions of tourists from this region visit the city every year, according to the report by City Comptroller John Liu.

“In light of these widespread commercial interactions, adverse effects on the City’s economy from Europe’s debt crisis appear alarming and lend greater urgency to addressing existing budget issues,” Liu said in a statement.

This potential problem could bedevil New York City’s finances, which already are being pressured by the job-cutting downturn of its prime industry: Wall Street.

The Democratic comptroller warned that Mayor Michael Bloomberg might be underestimating some risks. The list includes

the difficulty of negotiating labor contracts for teachers and supervisors with no wage increases for the past round of bargaining and the possibility that cash-poor New York state will cut $200 million in aid.

A mayoral spokesman, saying Bloomberg had warned that New York City’s economic outlook was uncertain, added: “He has kept the city’s fiscal house in order while delivering services that continue to produce record results through two historic downturns guaranteed pay day loans.”

The kinds of risks that Liu indentified could help widen the city’s budget gaps to $1.7 billion in the current accord, $3.2 billion in fiscal 2013, $4.4 billion in 2014 and $5 billion in 2015.

The city’s current budget is balanced.

Bloomberg, a political independent, has forecast smaller gaps of $2 billion in 2013, $3.8 billion in 2014 and $4.9 billion in 2015.

On the positive side, the comptroller estimated that the city’s five pension funds will cost less than Bloomberg predicted, which could save more than $1 billion from the current fiscal year to 2015.

Though New York City typically benefits when the stock market rises, as it sweeps in higher tax collections from profitable banks and brokerages and individuals with capital gains, there is a plus to the market’s current roller-coaster ride.

“The Comptroller’s Office believes that continued stock market volatility and low interest rates will further encourage institutional investors to shift portfolios towards commercial real estate, especially in premium markets such as New York City, thereby stimulating transactions of commercial property,” the report said.

Read more

A federal jury on Friday failed to reach a verdict in a Utah company’s $1 billion antitrust lawsuit against Microsoft Corp. in a case so important to the computer giant that it put Bill Gates on the stand for two days last month.

Novell Inc. sued the software giant in 2004, claiming Microsoft duped it into developing the once-popular WordPerfect writing program for Windows 95 only to pull the plug so Microsoft could gain market share with its own product.

Novell says it was later forced to sell WordPerfect for a $1.2 billion loss.

The trial began two months ago with jurors getting the case on Wednesday. After much confusion, and some perplexing questions from the panel, they told U.S. District Judge J. Frederick Motz they were deadlocked by early Friday evening.

He repeatedly asked them if they could keep trying.

“This has been a very long and expensive case,” Motz told the panel.

Novell attorneys pleaded with Motz to give the panel just one more day. In the end, however, the 12 jurors told the judge they were “hopelessly” deadlocked, and they later told lawyers a single holdout refused to vote in Novell’s favor.

“He had strongly held views about the technical evidence and refused to budge,” Novell attorney Jeffrey Johnson said. Jurors offered no comment after the trial.

Novell was left with little to show for a decade of effort, but the company said it will seek to retry the case with a new jury.

“Although it’s a technically complicated case, we’re hoping to convince another jury that our claims have merit,” Novell’s corporate counsel Jim Lundberg said.

Microsoft said it would file a motion asking the judge to dismiss Novell’s complaint for good and avoid a second trial.

“We remain confident that Novell’s claims don’t have any merit and look forward to the next steps in the process,” said Steven Aeschbacher, Microsoft’s associate general counsel.

Novell waited until 10 years after Microsoft left WordPerfect behind to file the lawsuit. The company said it was waiting for the U.S. government’s antitrust enforcement against Microsoft to wrap up. At first Novell’s case was dismissed, but it was later reinstated on appeal.

Microsoft lawyers have argued that Novell’s loss of market share was its own doing because the company didn’t develop a compatible WordPerfect program until long after the rollout of Windows 95. WordPerfect once had nearly 50 percent of the market for word processing, but its share quickly plummeted to less than 10 percent as Microsoft’s own Office programs took hold.

Gates testified last month that he had no idea his decision to drop a tool for outside developers would sidetrack Novell. Gates said he was acting to protect Windows 95 and future versions from crashing.

He said that the company’s preferred Word software was superior to WordPerfect, which was a “bulky, slow, buggy product” that did not integrate well with Windows 95.

Novell could have worked around the problem but failed to react quickly, he said.

Novell has argued that Gates ordered Microsoft engineers to reject WordPerfect as a Windows 95 word processing application because he feared it was too good.

Novell’s lawsuit is the last major private antitrust case to follow the settlement of a federal antitrust enforcement action against Microsoft more than eight years ago.

Novell is now a wholly owned subsidiary of The Attachmate Group, the result of a merger that was completed earlier this year.

Source

Declaring Japan has turned a corner in the battle to stabilize its tsunami-damaged nuclear plant, Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda announced Friday the facility has achieved a stable state of “cold shutdown,” a crucial step toward lifting evacuation orders and closing the plant.

Noda’s announcement was intended to reassure the nation that significant progress has been made in the nine months since the March 11 tsunami sent three reactors at the Fukushima Dai-ichi plant into meltdowns in the worst nuclear crisis since Chernobyl in 1986.

But the plant 140 miles (230 kilometers) northeast of Tokyo remains vulnerable to problems, its surroundings are contaminated by radiation and closing the plant safely will take 30 or more years.

“The reactors at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant have reached a state of cold shutdown,” Noda said. “Now that we have achieved stability in the reactors, a major concern for the nation has been resolved.”

Noda said he hopes conditions will improve quickly so that the people who have been displaced by the crisis can return home “even a day sooner.”

“There are many issues that remain,” Noda said. “Our battle is not over.”

The government’s official endorsement of the claim by Tokyo Electric Power Co. that the reactors have reached cold shutdown status is a necessary step toward revising evacuation zones around the plant and focusing efforts from simply stabilizing the facility to actually starting the arduous process of shutting it down.

But Noda acknowledged the assessment has some important caveats.

The government says Fukushima Dai-ichi has reached cold shutdown “conditions”_ a cautious phrasing reflecting the fact that TEPCO cannot measure temperatures of melted fuel in the damaged reactors in the same way as with normally functioning ones.

Even so, the announcement marks the end of the second phase of the government’s lengthy roadmap to completely decommission the plant.

Officials can now start discussing whether to allow some evacuees to return to less-contaminated areas _ although a 12-mile (20-kilometer) zone around the plant is expected to remain off limits for years to come. The crisis displaced some 100,000 people.

Noda said the government will step up decontamination efforts and will ready 1 trillion yen ($12.8 billion) for urgently needed projects next year. He also said 30,000 workers will be trained.

A cold shutdown normally means a nuclear reactor’s coolant system is at atmospheric pressure and its reactor core is at a temperature below 212 degrees Fahrenheit (100 degrees Celsius), making it impossible for a chain reaction to take place.

According to TEPCO, temperature gauges inside the Fukushima reactors show the pressure vessel is at around 70 C (158 F). The government also says the amount of radiation now being released around the plant is at or below 1 millisievert per year _ equivalent to the annual legal exposure limit for ordinary citizens before the crisis began.

Akira Yamaguchi, a nuclear physicist at Osaka University, said that the government’s definition of cold shutdown is disputable.

“But what’s most important right now is that there aren’t any massive radiation leaks any more,” he said.

Putting longer-term issues aside, he warned that much of the backup equipment installed at the plant since the crisis began is makeshift and may break down. He said winter cold could test their strength.

Source

Don

Italy’s government on Tuesday approved the release of euro4.8 billion ($6.4 billion) from state coffers to fund strategic infrastructure projects aimed at stimulating economic growth.

The funds will pay for highway projects, high-speed railways and retractable underwater barriers to help protect Venice from flooding. They were released as part of Premier Mario Monti’s program to help Italy exit the sovereign debt crisis and build market confidence to save the euro currency.

Monti, an economist and former EU commissioner who took office less than three weeks ago, announced emergency measures on Sunday that seek to save euro30 billion through austerity measures, and reinvest euro10 billion of savings from those measures to enhance growth, stuck at zero for a decade.

The emergency decree allows the funds to be released immediately, but Parliament must still convert the measures to law. Approval is expected by Christmas, although major parties on the right and left want to make changes.

Monti has combined the powerful economic development and infrastructure ministries under Corrado Passera, formerly CEO of Banca IntesaSanpaolo, to ensure good coordination on projects that can boost economic growth. Many of the projects have been stalled in progress or stuck in planning due to a combination of local resistance and interruptions in state funding.

Economists have mixed views on how effective infrastructure programs are for spurring economic growth, with most favoring privately funded projects for better stimulus. Still, longer-term projects, like railways, usually require state funding because the investment period is too long for many investors.

The new funding includes euro2 billion to upgrade the Treviglio-Brescia and Milan-Genoa railway lines, both in the north, to highspeed, euro598 million for highways, and euro600 million for the Venetian lagoon mobile barriers, a project already more than two years behind schedule due to financial problems.

The projects are expected to stimulate growth through putting people to work, as well as keeping construction contracts flowing.

The gates _ called Moses, after the Old Testament figure who parted the Red Sea _ would be activated when the tide reaches 110 centimeters (43 inches), which happens on average four times a year. St. Mark’s Square floods when the tide reaches just 80 centimeters (31.5 inches) _ and most of the city’s artistic treasures are kept above 2 meters (6.6 feet) for their protection.

Other measures taken by the Monti government include raising the pension age and seniority requirements, slimming down provincial governments, reinstating a tax on first homes, raising taxes on large boats, high-performance cars and private jets and helicopters.

Monti has described the measures as a first step by his government of technocrats tasked with reforming the Italian economy, balancing its budget and spurring moribund growth. He has emphasized that he will step down at the end of his mandate, which could run into 2013, a fact that frees him from re-election pressures that have hampered long-needed reforms.

Unicredit economic analyst Chiara Corsa said the measures appear “sufficiently bold” to allow Italy to balance its budget by 2013,” even with recession looming.

“In turn this should allow Italy’s debt-to-GDP ratio to enter a downward trajectory soon,” she said.

Italy’s debt of euro1.9 trillion, or 120 percent of GDP, is considered too big to bail out if the eurozone’s third-largest economy cannot continue to turn over its debt.

Monti’s measures come on top of euro59.8 billion in adjustments made by Silvio Berlusconi’s government, before he resigned after proving unable to take even more stringent, politically costly, steps

.

Source

Premier Mario Monti said Sunday his government of technocrats has approved a package of austerity and growth measures worth euro30 billion ($40.53 billion) to “reawaken” the Italian economy and help save the euro common currency from collapse.

The measures include immediate cuts to the costs of maintaining Italy’s bulky political class as well as significant measures to fight tax evasion, Monti told a news conference following a three-hour Cabinet meeting.

As part of the political cost cuts, Monti said he would forego his salaries as premier and finance minister _ a move he said was a personal decision and not meant as an example for other ministers in the government, which was formed 2 1/2 weeks ago after Premier Silvio Berlusconi’s resignation under market and political pressure.

The package also includes measures to spur growth and competition, while aiming to stamp out rampant nepotism. But it also raises the retirment age and the number of years of service to qualify for a full pension, steps strongly opposed by unions, and imposes new taxes on Italians’ private wealth, including their homes, boats and luxury cars, measures that conservatives have protested.

“We gave a lot of weight to fairness, we had to distribute some of the sacrifices but we took a lot of care to distribute them in a fair way,” Monti said.

Monti will outline the measures on Monday in addresses to both houses of Parliament, which must approve them. Monti said he will appeal to lawmakers’ sense of responsibility.

The Berlusconi government stepped down due to its failure to get tough measures through a fractious Parliament, which remains intact, meaning fault lines could easily reopen.

“A lot depends on how well or not we explain to the citizens what we are trying to do,” Monti said.

The premier, an economist who once was an EU commissioner, has been under extreme pressure to come up with speedy and credible measures that will persuade markets to stop betting against the common currency. Italian borrowing costs have spiked, which could spell disaster if Italy is unable to keep up on payments to service its enormous debt of euro1.9 trillion ($2.57 trillion), or 120 percent of its GDP.

Unlike Greece, Portugal and Ireland, which got bailouts after their borrowing rates skyrocketed, the eurozone’s third-largest economy is considered to be too big to bail out. An Italian default would be disastrous for the 17-member eurozone and reverberate throughout the global economy.

Deputy Economic Minister Vittorio Grilli said the measures passed will ensure that Italy’s budget will be balanced by 2013 through a 2 percent increase in value-added tax from the second half of 2012. Berlusconi’s now-defunct government already raised the value-added tax from 20 percent to 21 percent as part of earlier measures.

In addition, the government adopted austerity measures worth euro20 billion and euro10 billion in measures aimed at boosting anemic Italian growth. They include pension reform, local government spending cuts, the reestablishment of a tax on a first house that was annulled by Berlusconi and new taxes on boats over 10 meters (30 feet) in length and on luxury cars, Grilli said payday loans no teletrack.

At the same time, the measures will reduce the tax on the cost of employment, give fiscal breaks to companies that invest to grow their businesses and increase investments in local public transport.

Monti denied an impression that the measures mostly comprised new taxes.

“There are certainly taxes, we know that in Italy it is easier to reduce the deficit through new taxes than through cutting costs,” Monti said. “But what we did, for example, in terms of rebalancing the pension goes in the right structural direction.”

The government “made a particular effort to make sure that higher taxes did not affect the usual suspects,” Monti said.

The premier spent the weekend briefing political parties, unions, business groups, consumer lobbies and others. Unions were particularly critical of the measures to reform the pension system, saying certain classes of workers, including those who do physical labor, shouldn’t be forced to work extra years, and that women who enter the work force after raising children would have to work well into old age to meet seniority requirements.

The measures raise the pension age to 66 years for men in 2012 and for women by 2018, and also increases to 42 years and one month the years of service for a man to retire with full benefits, 41 years and one month for a woman. Labor Minister Elsa Fornero said it would be possible to retire earlier, “with a small penalty.”

Fornero wiped away a tear when she said that the pension reform would require sacrifices, including a hold on inflation adjustments for larger pensions.

On the fight against tax evasion, Monti said there would be no more tax amnesties, a mechanism used frequently in the past to recover lost revenues. In addition, the measures imposed a 1.5 percent penalty on money that was repatriated in a recent scheme that allowed Italians who had concealed money abroad to repatriate it for a negligible 5 percent penalty.

The measures also limit cash transactions to payments under euro1,000 _ down from euro2,500. In Italy, paying in cash is common as a way to conceal transactions from the government and avoid paying the value-added tax.

After meeting with Monti earlier Sunday, the head of Italy’s industrial lobby said that the survival of the common euro currency depends on Italy’s coming up with very strong austerity and growth measures _ followed by a concerted effort at the European level so that Italian sacrifices are not in vain.

Confindustria President Emma Marcegaglia described the measures as “very heavy.”

The coming days “will decided if the euro will survive or not. The first move to save the euro is in Italian hands, with a very strong measures,” Marcegaglia said. The measures will be “fundamental to saving Italy and to saving the euro.”

Source

Business orders for long-lasting manufactured goods fell for a second straight month in October.

While much of the weakness came from a big drop in demand for commercial aircraft, a key category that tracks business investment spending fell by the largest amount since January.

The Commerce Department says that orders for durable goods fell 0.7 percent in January following a September decline of 1.5 percent. Orders for core capital goods, considered a good proxy for business investment spending, dropped 1 payday loans for bad credit.8 percent, the biggest decline since a 4.8 percent fall in January.

Manufacturing has been one of the strongest sectors in the economy in this sub-par recovery, but this sector slowed this year as consumer demand faltered and auto factories had trouble getting parts following the March natural disasters in Japan.

Source

Egypt’s benchmark stock index tumbled more than 2 percent on Sunday as clashes between protesters and security forces entered their second day and rattled investor confidence in the country’s already stumbling economy.

The Egyptian Exchange’s EGX30 index was down 2.45 percent, or at 4,023 points, by 12:15 p.m. on the first day of the work week in the country. The slide built on a week of declines that have helped push the index’s year-to-date losses to almost 44 percent. The index had tumbled almost 3 percent earlier in the day, but recouped some of the losses.

Brokers attributed the drop to the clashes between rock-throwing protesters and security forces in Cairo’s iconic Tahrir Square, the epicenter of the uprising that ousted former President Hosni Mubarak in February.

The fighting had entered its second day, with the protesters demanding the country’s military rulers quickly announce a date when they plan to hand over power to a civilian government. The unrest comes days before the Nov. 28 parliamentary elections _ the first national vote in roughly 30 years that doesn’t include candidates from the former ruling National Democratic Party.

“These are bad times,” said Khaled Naga, a senior broker with Mega Investments, adding that even after a thousands-strong demonstration on Friday went relatively peacefully, there were expectations that the market would decline.

“All things considered, this is a reasonable decline,” said Naga. “We were expecting worse _ maybe 5 percent.”

Shares of Commercial International Bank were down almost 2.2 percent to 23.22 Egyptian pounds while Orascom Construction Industries’ shares were off 3.24 percent to 220.2 Egyptian pounds.

The Jan. 25 revolution that toppled Mubarak and ended nearly three decades of authoritarian rule has battered the country’s economy.

Foreign investment and tourism, which are two of the country’s economic pillars, are reeling from the unrest, while frequent labor strikes and other mass protests have disrupted daily life and forced the government to adopt populist policies that have widened the deficit and added to expenses.

Already, Egypt has run through almost 40 percent of its net international reserves since December.

Brokers said continued unrest in the capital would likely only add to the drop and expected that the market’s support point _ where it could bounce back _ could be around 3,800 points. But hitting that level would involve a number of days of heavy losses and so far the Egyptian market has shown a surprising ability to bounce back despite the continuing unrest and tension in the nation.

Source

They line up at soup kitchens by the thousands. Individual debt is rising, savings are eroding and many young people have simply given up, staying home without studying or even looking for a job.

They are Italy’s invisible poor, unseen by tourists, ignored by the country’s fat-cat politicians and living in a reality that’s a far cry from former Premier Silvio Berlusconi’s description of an affluent country where “the restaurants are full.”

Or in the words of Francesa Zuccari, who runs a soup kitchen in Rome: “There is another city out there where people can’t get to the end of the month.”

This is the Italy facing Mario Monti, the economics professor tapped to form an interim technocratic government after Berlusconi was forced to resign last weekend. International markets and the European Community decided the 75-year-old media mogul lacked the political clout to enact needed reforms to head off a debt crisis and get the economy moving.

On Tuesday, Monti won support from Italy’s two largest parties, but the question remains whether politicians will back his expected painful reform measures at the risk of social peace.

On the one hand, Italy’s elite manufacturers are girding for an increase in luxury exports and some wealthy Italians are looking to move their money into the real-estate markets in New York, Miami and Paris.

On the other, the state statistics institute ISTAT says 8 million Italians, almost 14 percent of the population, are living in “relative poverty.”

While tourists may not see the poor as they visit Tuscany’s rolling hills, Venice’s waterways or the Amalfi coast’s picturesque villages, they are increasingly visible on Italian city streets.

Many Italians have begun taking their money out of banks, fearing reports that measures to help fight the sovereign debt crisis might include deductions from bank accounts, as was done in the 1990s.

“They are putting it under the mattress, or even inside empty wine jugs in the cellars. We are a country of farmers,” said Elio Lannutti, president of consumer protection group Adusbef.

An American service organization in Rome asked its members to spend their Thanksgiving holiday next week making food packages for the poor. Zuccari said demand for food parcels had risen 20 percent in the last few years, with well-dressed Italians now joining immigrants in line.

Caritas, the Roman Catholic church’s charity arm, says growing numbers of families can’t meet a surprise expense of euro700 ($947) without turning to borrowing.

“What is really dramatic is the geographic division,” said Caritas’ Walter Nanni, pointing to figures that Italy’s south remains severely impoverished.

While only 18 percent of families in the Alpine province of Trento could not meet such an unexpected payment for medical expenses or car repairs, the figure rises to 48 percent in Sicily.

“The (south) shows in a particular manner growing signs of economic and social vulnerability,” Monsignor Mariano Crociata, secretary-general of the Italian Bishops Conference, said in an October report on poverty.

To be sure, Italy isn’t as bad off as Greece or Portugal, which are both in recession, struggling with high unemployment as they are being bailed out by international lenders.

But Italy’s prospects aren’t great either, particularly given its brain drain and policies that have pushed Italy’s underutilized youth even further to the margins.

A gerontocracy dominates Italy’s key professional posts, making workers even well into their 40s still considered up-and-coming. In the highest political circles, Monti is 68, Berlusconi is 75 and the president of Italy, Giorgio Napolitano, is 86.

Many younger Italians in fields like medicine, science and technology leave for countries that have more professional opportunities and mobility.

And the prospects for those who have not left are eroding fast. The Bank of Italy this month reported that nearly one in four Italians under 30 _ a total of 2.2 million people _ neither study nor work.

The great majority of the Italian NEET’s _ short for “Not in Education, Employment or Training” _ live at home with at least one parent, and a full 25 percent are living in a family where no one is working, the bank said.

A university degree does little to alleviate their plight: A full 20 percent of college graduates are without a job.

Lawyers in Italy must do a two-year apprenticeship before taking the bar exam, and most firms take advantage of the requirement to get free labor out of the trainees. Among the measures being discussed to confront the debt crisis would be a requirement that internships are paid.

“At least with Monti there is some hope since he is not a politician subject to pressure from the lobbies,” said Francesco Bureca, who graduated from an elite school but can’t land a job.

But hardline leftists expect no improvement for Italy’s poor, even from the new government.

“The Monti government is born from a mandate of Confindustria (a powerful business lobby) and the banks,” said Marco Ferrando, leader of the tiny Communist Workers Party.

He called for new protests. Italy’s last major economic protest this fall ended in a bloody riot on the streets of Rome.

____

Barry reported from Milan.

Source